渤中凹陷莫霍面特征及盆地形成机制

横切渤中凹陷的长电缆地震剖面长约100km,记录时间达14s,探测深度超过莫霍面深达地幔。长电缆地震反射剖面揭示了渤中凹陷莫霍面起伏特征。综合分析认为,渤中凹陷古近纪及新近纪的快速沉降主要是在深部地幔物质上涌及板块之间的相互作用双重动力学背景下形成的;渤海湾盆地整体上表现出以裂陷作用为主、拉分作用为辅的联合形成机制。     

Study of the marine (saltwater) transgression in the palaeo-channels on the south coast plain of Laizhou Bay

The palaeochannels in the studied region are divided into four stages by such methods as 14C dating. Marine (saltwater) transgression in the palaeochannels has been studied as a focal point. Palaeochannels are the main passageway through which the seawater (saltwater) transgresses. The seawater (saltwater) transgresses at a high speed, by many means and in a changeable dynamic state.     

A proteomic analysis of green and white sturgeon larvae exposed to heat stress and selenium

Temperature and selenium are two environmental parameters that potentially affect reproduction and stock recruitment of sturgeon in the San Francisco Bay/Delta Estuary. To identify proteins whose expression is modified by these environmental stressors, we performed a proteomic analysis on larval green and white sturgeons exposed to 18 or 26 °C and micro-injected with Seleno-L-Methionine to reach 8 µg g⁻¹ selenium body burden, with L-Methionine as a control. Selenium and high temperature induced mortalities and abnormal morphologies in both species, with a higher mortality in green sturgeon. Larval proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differential abundances were detected following spot quantitation and hierarchical cluster analysis. In green sturgeon, 34 of 551 protein spots detected on gels showed a variation in abundance whereas in white sturgeon only 9 of 580 protein spots were differentially expressed (P < 0.01). Gel replicates were first grouped according to heat treatment. Fifteen of these spots were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins involved in protein folding, protein synthesis, protein degradation, ATP supply and structural proteins changed in abundance in response to heat and/or selenium. 40S ribosomal protein SA, FK506-binding protein 10, 65 kDa regulatory subunit A of protein phosphatase 2, protein disulfide isomerase, stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1, suppression of tumorigenicity 13 and collagen type II alpha 1, were differentially expressed in high temperature treatment only. Serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 1, creatine kinase, serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 and HSP90 were sensitive to combined temperature and selenium exposure. Valosin-containing protein, a protein involved in aggresome formation and in protein quality control decreased more than 50% in response to selenium treatment. Potential use of such proteins as biomarkers of environmental stressors in larval sturgeons could indicate early warning signals preceding population decline.     

冀中廊固凹陷火成岩对烃源岩及油气生成的影响

对冀中廊固凹陷火成岩侵入段烃源岩有机地球化学分析数据进行研究可知,火成岩侵入对镜质体反射率、H/C原子比等影响明显,而对烃比值、氢指数等影响不大,同时并未造成有机质过度熟化,而只是使生油高峰和湿气带上限提前.可见,火成岩侵入并非只是对烃源岩和先存油气藏起破坏作用,其短期的烘烤作用会使有机质的成熟度迅速增加,从而相比正常演化阶段要有所提前,尤其对未熟-低熟阶段烃源岩,可加速其熟化.而且火成岩多层侵入可增大生烃阶段烃源岩的厚度,更有利于油气生成.      

从遥感图像看口门规划治理效果--珠江口伶仃洋和东四口门治理的遥感分析

利用遥感技术来观察伶仃洋，可以在是获得大面积的地表或地表浅层信息，其时间上的同步或准同步性克服了以前由直接观测点或线推证到面的局限性，为伶仃洋和珠江三角洲东四口门规划作局部工程治理监测提供了准确可靠的数据资料。通过遥感技术获得的技术图片和数据，分析伶仃洋两槽三滩动力一地形结构，复杂的径流、潮流、沿流动力机制及其泥沙主要来源，提出东西部动力区具有相对分界线的新观点，并论证大喇叭和小喇叭规划治理方案；     

冀中坳陷杨税务奥陶系深潜山储层特征及主控因素

储层非均质性强、主控因素不明是制约杨税务奥陶系内幕深潜山勘探的重要因素。以岩心、薄片及XRD观察为基础,综合扫描电镜、物性、成像测井、锶同位素资料,分析储层发育特征及主控因素。结果表明,奥陶系潜山从下而上发育3套似层状储层及1套局部分布的储层。Ⅰ号储层分布在亮甲山组—马家沟组一段,Ⅱ号储层分布在马家沟组二段上部—马家沟组三段,Ⅲ号储层分布在马家沟组四段上部—马家沟组五段。储层段沉积相为潮坪相,岩性以泥—粉晶云岩为主,储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔及构造微裂缝、扩大溶蚀缝,孔隙度为0.7%~7.2%,平均为3.26%,渗透率为0.08~7.79 mD,平均为1.49 mD,为特低孔特低渗裂缝-孔隙型储层;3套似层状储层受到白云化作用、岩溶作用及构造作用的控制。白云化作用是储层形成的基础条件,岩溶作用是储层改善的重要因素,构造作用是形成含油气储层的关键因素。Ⅰ号储层受控于层间岩溶、埋藏白云化作用,Ⅱ号储层受控于回流渗透白云化和埋藏白云化作用,Ⅲ号储层受控于回流渗透白云化、表生岩溶和裂缝作用;Ⅰ号及Ⅲ号储层白云化作用程度深,白云岩厚度大,岩溶改造强,物性条件好,是本区的有利储层,其次为Ⅱ号储层。局部不连续型储层的发育与构造活动相关,受到断层、构造缝、热液白云化作用的影响。     

Environmental effects on cv Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.: 1. Phenology and characterisation of viticultural environments

Six Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard sites in Hawke's Bay (New Zealand), selected out of 28 sites observed in 1996/97, were studied over three consecutive seasons in order to characterise viticultural environments of this region for this cultivar. Indices of precocity of vine phenology were used to analyse the relationship between phenology at the selected sites and vegetative growth, productivity, fruit ripening and wine sensory characteristics. Marked differences in indices of precocity existed between sites. These differences were mostly correlated with vine vegetative growth and canopy indices. There was no relationship between yield and vine phenology. Indices of precocity were correlated with certain juice constituents measured on a common date, as well as the sensory scores of wines produced by microvinification from grapes harvested on different dates and maturity levels. Vineyard sites that differed in indices of precocity also differed in their environmental characteristics, particularly in soil physical properties and water balance.     

环渤中地区新近系控藏模式与高丰度油藏勘探实践

环渤中地区新构造运动强烈,新近系是主要的含油层系。新近系勘探早期集中于凸起区和陡坡带,而斜坡带和凹陷区由于缺乏油气运移条件的系统性研究导致其勘探成效较差。基于前人研究和钻井资料,从分析环渤中地区新近系油气运移路径出发,通过建立“汇聚脊-断层-圈闭（脊-断-圈）”三元控藏模式,明确了受潜山风化壳汇聚脊控制的深层油气的汇聚能力是新近系油气富集的先决条件,并以圈闭面积为核心创建了聚油指数,用于定量评价深层油气的汇聚能力;明确了断层垂向运移是新近系成藏的关键,断层与汇聚脊、区域盖层的配置关系决定了断层的垂向运移量,当深层盖层的断接厚度小于220 m时油气可运移至浅层;明确了圈闭因素是新近系成藏的最终环节,圈闭与断层的配置关系控制了浅层油气的侧向分流能力,其中,“双断型砂体”的侧向充注能力较强。“汇聚脊-断层-圈闭”三元控藏模式进一步丰富了渤海油田晚期成藏理论,在指导发现大-中型新近系油田以及其他他源层系的勘探中展现出良好的应用前景。     

渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷古近系沙一下亚段中等成熟页岩油富集主控因素与勘探突破

陆相湖盆中等成熟页岩油资源丰富,而该类型资源具有岩相变化快、成岩演化程度低、储层敏感性强及原油粘滞性高等特点,工程开发对策仍处于探索阶段。以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷西南缘古近系沙河街组一段下亚段（沙一下亚段）典型湖相中等偏低成熟烃源岩为研究对象,分析该类型页岩油富集主控因素及工程应对策略,探索中等成熟页岩油开发动用方案。研究表明：云灰质页岩夹薄层碳酸盐岩段粘土含量矿物小于30 %,海水基滑溜水防膨压裂液体系能够抑制该类储层敏感性,并解决因粘土矿物吸水膨胀而导致的地层坍塌问题;储层脆性、生烃条件、含油性和储层水敏性是中等成熟页岩油甜点分布的主控因素,甜点厚度一般在10～12 m左右,应用叠前偏移数据体开展储层预测、读准靶点深度、旋转导向精准定向、打准甜点段及提高甜点钻遇率是获得高产-稳产的前提条件;采用海水基压裂液防膨、趾端蓄能体积压裂和前置CO₂增能降粘可实现压裂提产。利用新认识优化QY1H井部署和实施方案,该井437 d累产油7 303.28 t（平均日产16.75 t）,实现中等成熟度页岩油高产-稳产勘探突破。     

粤港澳大湾区生态系统碳储量时空演变

作为生态系统服务的重要评价指标之一,碳储量及其变化的研究是近年来全球陆地生态系统碳循环和应对气候变化的重要课题。在人类活动干扰和气候变化加剧的背景下,粤港澳大湾区作为中国重要经济核心区之一正在发生快速的变化,面临巨大的生态环境压力。通过利用InVEST模型,对粤港澳大湾区2005、2010、2015、2018年碳储量进行定量评估,分析其时空演变及空间差异性。结果表明：1）大湾区在2005、2010、2015、2018年的碳储量分别为202.41×106、200.87×106、199.99×106、200.10×106 t,变化呈现先减少后增加的趋势;2）大量的林地、耕地面积被建设用地所侵占,大湾区碳储量降低了1.14%,年损失率为0.09%;3）2015—2018年大湾区固碳量转负为正,说明近年来政府推行的生态保护政策初见成效。在低碳湾区发展目标下保护耕地和林地,大力推进增绿碳汇工程将会大大提高湾区的碳储存与固碳能力。